Initial pass for generalized encoding support for parser

src/common/parser/parser.cpp

@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
  */
 
 #include "parser.hpp"
+#include "unicode.hpp"
 #include <istream>
 
 namespace jessilib {
 
-object parser::deserialize(std::istream& in_stream) {
-	std::vector<char> data;
+object parser::deserialize_bytes(std::istream& in_stream, encoding in_read_encoding) {
+	std::vector<byte_type> data;
 
 	// Read entire stream into data
 	char buffer[1024];
@@ -32,11 +33,13 @@ object parser::deserialize(std::istream& in_stream) {
 	}
 
 	// Pass data to deserialize
-	return deserialize(std::string_view{ &data.front(), data.size() });
+	return deserialize_bytes(bytes_view_type{ &data.front(), data.size() }, in_read_encoding);
 }
 
-void parser::serialize(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object) {
-	in_stream << serialize(in_object);
+void parser::serialize_bytes(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding) {
+	// TODO: replace this method
+	auto bytes = serialize_bytes(in_object, in_write_encoding);
+	in_stream << bytes;
 }
 
 } // namespace jessilib

src/common/parsers/json.cpp

@@ -17,128 +17,53 @@
  */
 
 #include "parsers/json.hpp"
-#include <charconv>
-
-using namespace std::literals;
 
 namespace jessilib {
 
-std::string make_json_string(std::u8string_view in_string) {
-	std::string result;
-	result.reserve(in_string.size() + 2);
-	result = '\"';
-
-	decode_result decode;
-	while ((decode = decode_codepoint(in_string)).units != 0) {
-		if (decode.codepoint == U'\\') { // backslash
-			result += '\\';
-			result += '\\';
-		}
-		else if (decode.codepoint == U'\"') { // quotation
-			result += '\\';
-			result += '\"';
-		}
-		else if (decode.codepoint < 0x20) { // control characters
-			result += "\\u0000"sv;
-
-			// overwrite last 2 zeroes with correct hexadecimal sequence
-			char* data_end = result.data() + result.size();
-			char* data = data_end - 2; // Will only ever use 2 chars
-			auto to_chars_result = std::to_chars(data, data_end, static_cast<uint32_t>(decode.codepoint), 16);
-			if (to_chars_result.ec == std::errc{} && to_chars_result.ptr != data_end) {
-				// Only 1 byte written; shift it over
-				*to_chars_result.ptr = *(to_chars_result.ptr - 1);
-
-				// And fill in the zeroes
-				*(to_chars_result.ptr - 1) = '0';
-			}
-		}
-		else {
-			// Valid UTF-8 sequence; copy it over
-			result.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(in_string.data()), decode.units);
-		}
+object json_parser::deserialize_bytes(bytes_view_type in_data, encoding in_write_encoding) {
+	object result;
 
-		in_string.remove_prefix(decode.units);
+	if (in_write_encoding == encoding::utf_8) {
+		std::u8string_view data_view = jessilib::string_view_cast<char8_t>(in_data);
+		deserialize_json<char8_t, true>(result, data_view);
+	}
+	else if (in_write_encoding == encoding::utf_16) {
+		std::u16string_view data_view = jessilib::string_view_cast<char16_t>(in_data);
+		deserialize_json<char16_t, true>(result, data_view);
+	}
+	else if (in_write_encoding == encoding::utf_32) {
+		std::u32string_view data_view = jessilib::string_view_cast<char32_t>(in_data);
+		deserialize_json<char32_t, true>(result, data_view);
+	}
+	else if (in_write_encoding == encoding::wchar) {
+		std::wstring_view data_view = jessilib::string_view_cast<wchar_t>(in_data);
+		deserialize_json<wchar_t, true>(result, data_view);
+	}
+	else if (in_write_encoding == encoding::multibyte) {
+		// TODO: support without copying... somehow
+		auto u8_data = mbstring_to_ustring<char8_t>(jessilib::string_view_cast<char>(in_data));
+		std::u8string_view data_view = u8_data.second;
+		deserialize_json<char8_t, true>(result, data_view);
 	}
 
-	result += '\"';
-	return result;
-}
-
-
-
-object json_parser::deserialize(std::string_view in_data) {
-	object result;
-	deserialize_json<char, true>(result, in_data);
 	return result;
 }
 
-std::string json_parser::serialize(const object& in_object) {
-	static const object::array_type s_null_array;
-	static const object::map_type s_null_map;
-
-	switch (in_object.type()) {
-		case object::type::null:
-			return "null"s;
-
-		case object::type::boolean:
-			if (in_object.get<bool>()) {
-				return "true"s;
-			}
-			return "false"s;
-
-		case object::type::integer:
-			return std::to_string(in_object.get<intmax_t>());
-
-		case object::type::decimal:
-			return std::to_string(in_object.get<long double>());
-
-		case object::type::text:
-			return make_json_string(in_object.get<std::u8string>());
-
-		case object::type::array: {
-			if (in_object.size() == 0) {
-				return "[]"s;
-			}
-
-			std::string result;
-			result = '[';
-
-			// Serialize all objects in array
-			for (auto& obj : in_object.get<object::array_type>(s_null_array)) {
-				result += json_parser::serialize(obj);
-				result += ',';
-			}
-
-			// Return result
-			result.back() = ']';
-			return result;
-		}
-
-		case object::type::map: {
-			if (in_object.size() == 0) {
-				return "{}"s;
-			}
-
-			std::string result;
-			result = '{';
-
-			// Serialize all objects in map
-			for (auto& item : in_object.get<object::map_type>(s_null_map)) {
-				result += make_json_string(item.first);
-				result += ":"sv;
-				result += json_parser::serialize(item.second);
-				result += ',';
-			}
-
-			// Return result
-			result.back() = '}';
-			return result;
-		}
-
+std::string json_parser::serialize_bytes(const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding) {
+	switch (in_write_encoding) {
+		case encoding::utf_8:
+			return serialize_impl<char8_t, char>(in_object);
+		case encoding::utf_16:
+			return serialize_impl<char16_t, char>(in_object);
+		case encoding::utf_32:
+			return serialize_impl<char16_t, char>(in_object);
+		case encoding::wchar:
+			return serialize_impl<char16_t, char>(in_object);
 		default:
-			throw std::invalid_argument{ "Invalid data type: " + std::to_string(static_cast<size_t>(in_object.type())) };
+			break;
 	}
+
+	return {};
 }
 
 } // namespace jessilib

src/common/serialize.cpp

@@ -41,29 +41,29 @@ std::shared_ptr<parser> get_parser(const std::string& in_format) {
 }
 
 /** Deserialization */
-object deserialize_object(const std::string& in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
-	return deserialize_object(std::string_view{ &in_data.front(), in_data.size() }, in_format);
+object deserialize_object(const std::u8string& in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
+	return deserialize_object(std::u8string_view{ &in_data.front(), in_data.size() }, in_format);
 }
 
-object deserialize_object(const std::vector<char>& in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
-	return deserialize_object(std::string_view{ &in_data.front(), in_data.size() }, in_format);
+object deserialize_object(const std::vector<char8_t>& in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
+	return deserialize_object(std::u8string_view{ &in_data.front(), in_data.size() }, in_format);
 }
 
-object deserialize_object(std::string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
+object deserialize_object(std::u8string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format) {
 	return get_parser(in_format)->deserialize(in_data);
 }
 
 object deserialize_object(std::istream& in_stream, const std::string& in_format) {
-	return get_parser(in_format)->deserialize(in_stream);
+	return get_parser(in_format)->deserialize_bytes(in_stream, encoding::utf_8);
 }
 
 /** Serialization */
-std::string serialize_object(const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format) {
-	return get_parser(in_format)->serialize(in_object);
+std::u8string serialize_object(const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format) {
+	return get_parser(in_format)->serialize<char8_t>(in_object);
 }
 
 void serialize_object(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format) {
-	get_parser(in_format)->serialize(in_stream, in_object);
+	get_parser(in_format)->serialize_bytes(in_stream, in_object, encoding::utf_8);
 }
 
 } // namespace jessilib

src/include/jessilib/http_query.hpp

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ constexpr bool deserialize_html_form(ContainerT& out_container, std::basic_strin
 
 	HTMLFormContext<CharT, ContainerT> context{ out_container, inout_string.data() };
 	constexpr auto& html_form_tree = html_form_root_tree<CharT, ContainerT>;
-	static_assert(is_sorted<char, decltype(context), html_form_tree, std::size(html_form_tree)>(), "Tree must be pre-sorted");
+	static_assert(is_sorted<CharT, decltype(context), html_form_tree, std::size(html_form_tree)>(), "Tree must be pre-sorted");
 
 	std::basic_string_view<CharT> read_view{ inout_string };
 	if (apply_syntax_tree<CharT, decltype(context), html_form_tree, std::size(html_form_tree), html_form_default_action>

src/include/jessilib/parser.hpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include "object.hpp"
+#include "unicode_base.hpp"
 #include "impl/parser_manager.hpp"
 
 namespace jessilib {
@@ -27,20 +28,50 @@ namespace jessilib {
 class parser {
 public:
 	virtual ~parser() = default;
+	using byte_type = uint8_t;
+	using bytes_view_type = std::basic_string_view<byte_type>;
 
 	/** Interface methods */
 
 	/**
-	 * Deserializes an object directly from a stream
+	 * Deserializes an object directly from a stream of bytes
 	 * May throw: invalid_argument
 	 *
 	 * @param in_stream Stream to deserialize object from
 	 * @return A valid (possibly null) object
 	 */
-	virtual object deserialize(std::istream& in_stream);
-	virtual object deserialize(std::string_view in_data) = 0; // TODO: serialize from arbitrary unicode strings
-	virtual void serialize(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object);
-	virtual std::string serialize(const object& in_object) = 0; // TODO: serialize to arbitrary unicode strings
+	virtual object deserialize_bytes(std::istream& in_stream, encoding in_read_encoding);
+	virtual object deserialize_bytes(bytes_view_type in_data, encoding in_read_encoding) = 0;
+	virtual void serialize_bytes(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding);
+	virtual std::string serialize_bytes(const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding) = 0;
+
+	template<typename CharT>
+	object deserialize(std::basic_string_view<CharT> in_text) {
+		bytes_view_type byte_view{ reinterpret_cast<const byte_type*>(in_text.data()), in_text.size() * sizeof(CharT) };
+		return deserialize_bytes(byte_view, default_encoding_info<CharT>::text_encoding);
+	}
+
+	// Perhaps this could be condensed down to a simple method such that: serialize(out_variant, in_object, encoding)?
+	virtual std::u8string serialize_u8(const object& in_object) = 0;
+	virtual std::u16string serialize_u16(const object& in_object) = 0;
+	virtual std::u32string serialize_u32(const object& in_object) = 0;
+	virtual std::wstring serialize_w(const object& in_object) = 0;
+
+	template<typename CharT>
+	std::basic_string<CharT> serialize(const object& in_object) {
+		if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, char8_t>) {
+			return serialize_u8(in_object);
+		}
+		else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, char16_t>) {
+			return serialize_u16(in_object);
+		}
+		else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, char32_t>) {
+			return serialize_u32(in_object);
+		}
+		else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, wchar_t>) {
+			return serialize_w(in_object);
+		}
+	}
 }; // parser
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -57,4 +88,47 @@ public:
 	impl::parser_manager::id m_id;
 }; // parser_registration
 
+template<typename OutCharT, typename ResultCharT = OutCharT>
+std::basic_string<ResultCharT> simple_copy(std::u8string_view in_string) {
+	if constexpr (sizeof(OutCharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+		return { in_string.begin(), in_string.end() };
+	}
+	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>) {
+		// Copy in_string into result _as if_ result were of OutCharT
+		for (OutCharT codepoint : in_string) {
+			// TODO: Assuming native for now, but we need to account for endianness later
+			return { reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&codepoint), sizeof(codepoint) };
+		}
+	}
+	// else // Invalid use of simple_copy
+}
+
+template<typename OutCharT, typename ResultCharT>
+void simple_append(std::basic_string<ResultCharT>& out_string, std::u8string_view in_string) {
+	if constexpr (sizeof(OutCharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+		out_string.append(in_string.begin(), in_string.end());
+	}
+	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>) {
+		// Copy in_string into result _as if_ result were of OutCharT
+		for (OutCharT codepoint : in_string) {
+			// TODO: Assuming native for now, but we need to account for endianness later
+			out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&codepoint), sizeof(codepoint));
+		}
+	}
+	// else // Invalid use of simple_append
+}
+
+template<typename OutCharT, typename ResultCharT>
+void simple_append(std::basic_string<ResultCharT>& out_string, char8_t in_character) {
+	if constexpr (sizeof(OutCharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+		out_string += in_character;
+	}
+	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>) {
+		// Copy in_character into result _as if_ result were of OutCharT
+		OutCharT codepoint = in_character;
+		// TODO: Assuming native for now, but we need to account for endianness later
+		out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&codepoint), sizeof(codepoint));
+	}
+}
+
 } // namespace jessilib

src/include/jessilib/parsers/json.hpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "fmt/xchar.h" // fmt::format
 #include "jessilib/parser.hpp"
 #include "jessilib/unicode.hpp" // join
 #include "jessilib/unicode_syntax.hpp" // syntax trees
@@ -29,8 +30,23 @@ namespace jessilib {
 class json_parser : public parser {
 public:
 	/** deserialize/serialize overrides */
-	virtual object deserialize(std::string_view in_data) override;
-	virtual std::string serialize(const object& in_object) override;
+	object deserialize_bytes(bytes_view_type in_data, encoding in_write_encoding) override;
+	std::string serialize_bytes(const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding) override;
+
+	std::u8string serialize_u8(const object& in_object) override { return serialize_impl<char8_t>(in_object); }
+	std::u16string serialize_u16(const object& in_object) override { return serialize_impl<char16_t>(in_object); }
+	std::u32string serialize_u32(const object& in_object) override { return serialize_impl<char32_t>(in_object); }
+	std::wstring serialize_w(const object& in_object) override { return serialize_impl<wchar_t>(in_object); }
+
+	template<typename CharT, typename ResultCharT = CharT>
+	std::basic_string<ResultCharT> serialize_impl(const object& in_object) {
+		std::basic_string<ResultCharT> result;
+		serialize_impl<CharT, ResultCharT>(result, in_object);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	template<typename CharT, typename ResultCharT = CharT>
+	void serialize_impl(std::basic_string<ResultCharT>& out_string, const object& in_object);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -101,7 +117,9 @@ constexpr syntax_tree_member<CharT, ContextT> make_keyword_value_pair() {
 		// Unexpected character; throw if appropriate
 		if constexpr (ContextT::use_exceptions) {
 			using namespace std::literals;
-			throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join<std::string>("Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv, inout_read_view, "' when parsing null"sv) };
+			throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring(u8"Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv,
+				inout_read_view,
+				u8"' when parsing null"sv) };
 		}
 
 		return std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
@@ -164,7 +182,8 @@ size_t string_start_action(ContextT& inout_context, std::basic_string_view<CharT
 		if constexpr (ContextT::use_exceptions) {
 			using namespace std::literals;
 			throw std::invalid_argument {
-				jessilib::join_mbstring("Invalid JSON data; invalid token or end of string: "sv, std::u8string_view{ string_data })
+				jessilib::join_mbstring(u8"Invalid JSON data; invalid token or end of string: "sv,
+					std::u8string_view{ string_data })
 			};
 		}
 
@@ -239,7 +258,9 @@ size_t array_start_action(ContextT& inout_context, std::basic_string_view<CharT>
 			// Invalid JSON!
 			if constexpr (ContextT::use_exceptions) {
 				using namespace std::literals;
-				throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring("Invalid JSON data: expected ',' or ']', instead encountered: "sv, inout_read_view) };
+				throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring(
+					u8"Invalid JSON data: expected ',' or ']', instead encountered: "sv,
+					inout_read_view) };
 			}
 
 			return std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
@@ -285,9 +306,10 @@ size_t make_map_start_action(ContextT& inout_context, std::basic_string_view<Cha
 		// Assert that we've reached the start of a key
 		if (front != '\"') {
 			if constexpr (ContextT::use_exceptions) {
-				throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring("Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv,
+				throw std::invalid_argument{
+					jessilib::join_mbstring(u8"Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv,
 					decode_codepoint(inout_read_view).codepoint,
-					"' when parsing object map (expected '\"' instead)"sv) };
+					u8"' when parsing object map (expected '\"' instead)"sv) };
 			}
 
 			return std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
@@ -312,9 +334,10 @@ size_t make_map_start_action(ContextT& inout_context, std::basic_string_view<Cha
 		}
 		front = inout_read_view.front();
 		if (front != ':') {
-			throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring("Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv,
+			throw std::invalid_argument{
+				jessilib::join_mbstring(u8"Invalid JSON data; unexpected token: '"sv,
 				decode_codepoint(inout_read_view).codepoint,
-				"' when parsing map key (expected ':' instead)"sv) };
+				u8"' when parsing map key (expected ':' instead)"sv) };
 		}
 		inout_read_view.remove_prefix(1); // strip ':'
 
@@ -444,4 +467,165 @@ bool deserialize_json(object& out_object, std::basic_string_view<CharT>& inout_r
 		(context, inout_read_view);
 }
 
+template<typename CharT, typename ResultCharT>
+void make_json_string(std::basic_string<ResultCharT>& out_string, std::u8string_view in_string) {
+	using namespace std::literals;
+	out_string.reserve(out_string.size() + in_string.size() + 2);
+	simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '\"');
+
+	decode_result decode;
+	while ((decode = decode_codepoint(in_string)).units != 0) {
+		if (decode.codepoint == U'\\') { // backslash
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"\\\\"sv);
+		}
+		else if (decode.codepoint == U'\"') { // quotation
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"\\\""sv);
+		}
+		else if (decode.codepoint < 0x20) { // control characters
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"\\u00"sv);
+
+			// overwrite last 2 zeroes with correct hexadecimal sequence
+			char data[2]; // Will only ever use 2 chars
+			char* data_end = data + sizeof(data);
+			auto to_chars_result = std::to_chars(data, data_end, static_cast<uint32_t>(decode.codepoint), 16);
+			if (to_chars_result.ptr == data) {
+				// No bytes written
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"00"sv);
+			}
+			else if (to_chars_result.ptr != data_end) {
+				// 1 byte written
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '0');
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, data[0]);
+			}
+			else {
+				// 2 bytes written
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, std::u8string_view{ reinterpret_cast<char8_t*>(data), sizeof(data) });
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(char8_t) && sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+				// Valid UTF-8 sequence; copy it over
+				out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<const ResultCharT*>(in_string.data()), decode.units);
+			}
+			else if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)){
+				// Valid UTF-8 codepoint; append it
+				encode_codepoint(out_string, decode.codepoint);
+			}
+			else {
+				// Valid UTF-8 codepoint; encode & append it
+				encode_buffer_type<CharT> buffer;
+				size_t units_written = encode_codepoint(buffer, decode.codepoint);
+				out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<ResultCharT*>(buffer), units_written * sizeof(CharT));
+			}
+		}
+
+		in_string.remove_prefix(decode.units);
+	}
+
+	simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '\"');
+}
+
+template<typename CharT>
+static constexpr CharT empty_format_arg[3]{ '{', '}', 0 };
+
+template<typename CharT, typename ResultCharT>
+void json_parser::serialize_impl(std::basic_string<ResultCharT>& out_string, const object& in_object) {
+	using namespace std::literals;
+	static const object::array_type s_null_array;
+	static const object::map_type s_null_map;
+
+	switch (in_object.type()) {
+		case object::type::null:
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"null"sv);
+			return;
+
+		case object::type::boolean:
+			if (in_object.get<bool>()) {
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"true"sv);
+				return;
+			}
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"false"sv);
+			return;
+
+		case object::type::integer:
+			if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+				out_string += fmt::format(empty_format_arg<ResultCharT>, in_object.get<intmax_t>());
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>){
+				auto encoded = fmt::format(empty_format_arg<CharT>, in_object.get<intmax_t>());
+				out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<ResultCharT*>(encoded.data()), encoded.size() * sizeof(CharT));
+			}
+			return;
+
+		case object::type::decimal:
+			if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+				out_string += fmt::format(empty_format_arg<ResultCharT>, in_object.get<long double>());
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>){
+				auto encoded = fmt::format(empty_format_arg<CharT>, in_object.get<long double>());
+				out_string.append(reinterpret_cast<ResultCharT*>(encoded.data()), encoded.size() * sizeof(CharT));
+			}
+			return;
+
+		case object::type::text:
+			make_json_string<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, in_object.get<std::u8string>());
+			return;
+
+		case object::type::array: {
+			if (in_object.size() == 0) {
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"[]"sv);
+			}
+
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '[');
+
+			// Serialize all objects in array
+			for (auto& obj : in_object.get<object::array_type>(s_null_array)) {
+				json_parser::serialize_impl<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, obj);
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, ',');
+			}
+
+			// Replace last comma with ']'
+			if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+				out_string.back() = ']';
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>) {
+				out_string.erase(out_string.size() - sizeof(CharT));
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, ']');
+			}
+			// else // not supported
+			return;
+		}
+
+		case object::type::map: {
+			if (in_object.size() == 0) {
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, u8"{}"sv);
+			}
+
+			simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '{');
+
+			// Serialize all objects in map
+			for (auto& item : in_object.get<object::map_type>(s_null_map)) {
+				make_json_string<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, item.first);
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, ':');
+				json_parser::serialize_impl<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, item.second);
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, ',');
+			}
+
+			// Replace last comma with '}'
+			if constexpr (sizeof(CharT) == sizeof(ResultCharT)) {
+				out_string.back() = '}';
+			}
+			else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ResultCharT, char>) {
+				out_string.erase(out_string.size() - sizeof(CharT));
+				simple_append<CharT, ResultCharT>(out_string, '}');
+			}
+			// else // not supported
+			return;
+		}
+
+		default:
+			throw std::invalid_argument{ "Invalid data type: " + std::to_string(static_cast<size_t>(in_object.type())) };
+	}
+}
+
 } // namespace jessilib

src/include/jessilib/serialize.hpp

@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ public:
 };
 
 /** Deserialization */
-object deserialize_object(const std::string& in_data, const std::string& in_format);
-object deserialize_object(const std::vector<char>& in_data, const std::string& in_format);
-object deserialize_object(std::string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format);
-object deserialize_object(std::istream& in_stream, const std::string& in_format);
+object deserialize_object(std::u8string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format);
+object deserialize_object(std::u16string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format);
+object deserialize_object(std::u32string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format);
+object deserialize_object(const std::vector<char8_t>& in_data, const std::string& in_format);
+//object deserialize_object(std::u8string_view in_data, const std::string& in_format);
+object deserialize_object(std::istream& in_stream, const std::string& in_format); // TODO: add encoding param
 
 /** Serialization */
-std::string serialize_object(const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format);
-void serialize_object(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format);
+std::u8string serialize_object(const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format); // TODO: templatize?
+void serialize_object(std::ostream& in_stream, const object& in_object, const std::string& in_format); // TODO: add encoding param
 
 } // namespace jessilib

src/include/jessilib/unicode.hpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cuchar>
+#include <climits>
 #include "unicode_compare.hpp"
 
 namespace jessilib {
@@ -112,24 +113,30 @@ bool is_valid(const InT& in_string) {
 template<typename OutCharT, typename InT>
 std::basic_string_view<OutCharT> string_view_cast(const InT& in_string) {
 	using InCharT = typename impl_unicode::is_string<InT>::type;
-	size_t in_string_bytes = in_string.size() * sizeof(InCharT);
-	if constexpr (sizeof(OutCharT) > sizeof(InCharT)) {
-		// The output type is larger than the input type; verify no partial codepoints
-		if (in_string_bytes % sizeof(OutCharT) != 0) {
-			// This cannot be used to produce a valid result
-			return {};
-		}
+
+	if constexpr (sizeof(InCharT) == sizeof(OutCharT)) {
+		return { reinterpret_cast<const OutCharT*>(in_string.data()), in_string.size() };
 	}
+	else {
+		size_t in_string_bytes = in_string.size() * sizeof(InCharT);
+		if constexpr (sizeof(OutCharT) > sizeof(InCharT)) {
+			// The output type is larger than the input type; verify no partial codepoints
+			if (in_string_bytes % sizeof(OutCharT) != 0) {
+				// This cannot be used to produce a valid result
+				return {};
+			}
+		}
 
-	size_t out_string_units = in_string_bytes / sizeof(OutCharT);
-	const OutCharT* data_begin = reinterpret_cast<const OutCharT*>(in_string.data());
-	return { data_begin, out_string_units };
+		size_t out_string_units = in_string_bytes / sizeof(OutCharT);
+		const OutCharT* data_begin = reinterpret_cast<const OutCharT*>(in_string.data());
+		return { data_begin, out_string_units };
+	}
 }
 
 template<typename OutCharT, typename InT>
 std::basic_string<OutCharT> string_cast(const InT& in_string) {
 	static_assert(impl_unicode::is_string<InT>::value == true);
-	using InCharT = typename impl_unicode::is_string<InT>::type;
+	using InCharT = std::remove_cvref_t<typename impl_unicode::is_string<InT>::type>;
 	using InEquivalentT = typename unicode_traits<InCharT>::equivalent_type;
 	using InViewT = std::basic_string_view<InCharT>;
 	using OutT = std::basic_string<OutCharT>;
@@ -223,9 +230,9 @@ std::pair<bool, std::string> ustring_to_mbstring(std::basic_string_view<CharT> i
 	while ((decode = decode_codepoint(in_string)).units != 0) {
 		in_string.remove_prefix(decode.units);
 
-		char buffer[MB_CUR_MAX]; // MB_LEN_MAX
+		char buffer[MB_LEN_MAX]; // MB_LEN_MAX is constant, MB_CUR_MAX is not, and C++ doesn't have VLAs
 		size_t bytes_written = std::c32rtomb(buffer, decode.codepoint, &mbstate);
-		if (bytes_written > MB_CUR_MAX) {
+		if (bytes_written > MB_LEN_MAX) {
 			// Invalid codepoint; return
 			result.first = false;
 			return result;
@@ -238,6 +245,11 @@ std::pair<bool, std::string> ustring_to_mbstring(std::basic_string_view<CharT> i
 	return result;
 }
 
+template<typename CharT>
+std::pair<bool, std::string> ustring_to_mbstring(const std::basic_string<CharT>& in_string) {
+	return ustring_to_mbstring(std::basic_string_view<CharT>{ in_string });
+}
+
 /**
  * Searches a string for a specified substring
  *
@@ -392,7 +404,7 @@ size_t findi(std::basic_string_view<LhsCharT> in_string, std::basic_string_view<
 
 ADAPT_BASIC_STRING(findi)
 
-using find_if_predicate_type = bool(*)(char32_t, char*, size_t);
+/*using find_if_predicate_type = bool(*)(char32_t, char*, size_t);
 inline void find_if(std::basic_string<char>& in_string, find_if_predicate_type in_predicate) {
 	using CharT = char;
 	CharT* ptr = in_string.data();
@@ -422,7 +434,7 @@ inline void find_if(std::basic_string_view<char>& in_string, find_if_view_predic
 		in_string_view.remove_prefix(decode.units);
 		ptr += decode.units;
 	}
-}
+}*/
 
 namespace impl_join {
 

src/include/jessilib/unicode_base.hpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ constexpr size_t encode_codepoint(CharT* out_buffer, char32_t in_codepoint);
 std::u8string encode_codepoint_u8(char32_t in_codepoint);
 std::u16string encode_codepoint_u16(char32_t in_codepoint);
 std::u32string encode_codepoint_u32(char32_t in_codepoint);
-std::wstring encode_codepoint_w(char32_t in_codepoint); // ASSUMES UTF-16 OR UTF-32
+std::wstring encode_codepoint_w(char32_t in_codepoint); // ASSUMES UTF-16 OR UTF-32W
 
 /** decode_codepoint */
 
@@ -130,15 +130,21 @@ constexpr decode_result decode_surrogate_pair(char16_t in_high_surrogate, char16
 template<typename CharT>
 struct unicode_traits : std::false_type {};
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 template<>
 struct unicode_traits<char> : std::true_type {
 	using equivalent_type = char8_t; // DEPRECATE
 	static constexpr size_t max_units_per_codepoint = 4;
 };
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 template<>
 struct unicode_traits<char8_t> : std::true_type {
-	using equivalent_type = char; // DEPRECATE
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
+	using equivalent_type = char;
+#else // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
+	using equivalent_type = char8_t;
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	static constexpr size_t max_units_per_codepoint = 4;
 };
 
@@ -163,6 +169,67 @@ struct unicode_traits<wchar_t> : std::true_type {
 template<typename CharT>
 using encode_buffer_type = CharT[unicode_traits<CharT>::max_units_per_codepoint];
 
+// enum representing the character encodings I intend to support
+enum class encoding {
+	utf_8, // The most common and arguably superior encoding for files and networking protocols not in straight ASCII
+	utf_16,
+	utf_32,
+	wchar, // essentially only really for std::wcout / std::wcout
+	multibyte // essentially only really for std::cout / std::cin
+};
+
+template<encoding EncodingV>
+struct encoding_info;
+
+template<>
+struct encoding_info<encoding::utf_8> {
+	using data_type = char8_t;
+	static constexpr encoding text_encoding = encoding::utf_8;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct encoding_info<encoding::utf_16> {
+	using data_type = char16_t;
+	static constexpr encoding text_encoding = encoding::utf_16;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct encoding_info<encoding::utf_32> {
+	using data_type = char32_t;
+	static constexpr encoding text_encoding = encoding::utf_32;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct encoding_info<encoding::wchar> {
+	using data_type = wchar_t;
+	static constexpr encoding text_encoding = encoding::wchar;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct encoding_info<encoding::multibyte> {
+	using data_type = char;
+	static constexpr encoding text_encoding = encoding::multibyte;
+};
+
+template<typename CharT>
+struct default_encoding_info;
+
+template<>
+struct default_encoding_info<char8_t> : public encoding_info<encoding::utf_8> {
+};
+
+template<>
+struct default_encoding_info<char16_t> : public encoding_info<encoding::utf_16> {
+};
+
+template<>
+struct default_encoding_info<char32_t> : public encoding_info<encoding::utf_32> {
+};
+
+template<>
+struct default_encoding_info<wchar_t> : public encoding_info<encoding::wchar> {
+};
+
 /** single-unit helper utilities */
 char32_t fold(char32_t in_codepoint); // Folds codepoint for case-insensitive checks (not for human output)
 constexpr int as_base(char32_t in_character, unsigned int base); // The value represented by in_character in terms of base if valid, -1 otherwise
@@ -338,9 +405,11 @@ constexpr size_t encode_codepoint_utf(T& out_destination, char32_t in_codepoint)
 	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, wchar_t>) {
 		return encode_codepoint_w<T>(out_destination, in_codepoint);
 	}
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, char>) {
 		return encode_codepoint_utf8<CharT, T>(out_destination, in_codepoint);
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>
@@ -476,9 +545,11 @@ constexpr decode_result decode_codepoint(std::basic_string_view<CharT> in_string
 			return decode_codepoint_utf32<wchar_t>(in_string);
 		}
 	}
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CharT, char>) {
 		return decode_codepoint_utf8(in_string);
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 }
 
 template<typename CharT>

src/include/jessilib/unicode_compare.hpp

@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ struct text_hash {
 		return hash;
 	}
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	auto operator()(const std::basic_string<char>& in_key) const noexcept { // ASSUMES UTF-8
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
 	}
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@ struct text_hash {
 	auto operator()(std::basic_string_view<char> in_key) const noexcept {
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 	auto operator()(const std::basic_string<char8_t>& in_key) const noexcept { // ASSUMES UTF-8
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
@@ -321,10 +323,12 @@ struct text_hash {
 struct text_equal {
 	using is_transparent = std::true_type;
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	template<typename LhsCharT, typename RhsCharT>
 	bool operator()(std::basic_string_view<LhsCharT> in_lhs, std::basic_string_view<RhsCharT> in_rhs) const noexcept {
 		return equals<LhsCharT, RhsCharT>(in_lhs, in_rhs);
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 	template<typename LhsCharT, typename RhsCharT>
 	bool operator()(std::basic_string_view<LhsCharT> in_lhs, const std::basic_string<RhsCharT>& in_rhs) const noexcept {
@@ -370,6 +374,7 @@ struct text_hashi {
 		return hash;
 	}
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	auto operator()(const std::basic_string<char>& in_key) const noexcept { // ASSUMES UTF-8
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
 	}
@@ -377,6 +382,7 @@ struct text_hashi {
 	auto operator()(std::basic_string_view<char> in_key) const noexcept {
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 	auto operator()(const std::basic_string<char8_t>& in_key) const noexcept { // ASSUMES UTF-8
 		return hash(in_key.data(), in_key.data() + in_key.size());
@@ -406,10 +412,12 @@ struct text_hashi {
 struct text_equali {
 	using is_transparent = std::true_type;
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 	template<typename LhsCharT, typename RhsCharT>
 	bool operator()(std::basic_string_view<LhsCharT> in_lhs, std::basic_string_view<RhsCharT> in_rhs) const noexcept {
 		return equalsi<LhsCharT, RhsCharT>(in_lhs, in_rhs);
 	}
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 	template<typename LhsCharT, typename RhsCharT>
 	bool operator()(std::basic_string_view<LhsCharT> in_lhs, const std::basic_string<RhsCharT>& in_rhs) const noexcept {

src/include/jessilib/unicode_syntax.hpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "unicode_base.hpp"
+#include "unicode.hpp"
 
 namespace jessilib {
 
@@ -76,10 +76,9 @@ template<typename CharT, typename ContextT, bool UseExceptionsV = false>
 size_t fail_action(decode_result, ContextT&, std::basic_string_view<CharT>& in_read_view) {
 	using namespace std::literals;
 	if constexpr (UseExceptionsV) {
-		std::string exception = "Invalid parse data; unexpected token: '"s;
-		jessilib::encode_codepoint(exception, in_read_view.front());
-		exception += "' when parsing data";
-		throw std::invalid_argument{ exception };
+		throw std::invalid_argument{ jessilib::join_mbstring(u8"Invalid parse data; unexpected token: '"sv,
+			jessilib::decode_codepoint(in_read_view).codepoint,
+			u8"' when parsing data"sv) };
 	}
 	return std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
 }

src/test/http_query.cpp

@@ -22,20 +22,20 @@
 
 using namespace std::literals;
 
-// Compile-time tests for constexpr on compilers which support C++20 constexpr std::string
+// Compile-time tests for constexpr on compilers which support C++20 constexpr std::u8string
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_constexpr_string) && (__GNUC__ >= 12 || _MSC_VER >= 1929)
-constexpr std::string query_constexpr(std::string_view in_expression) {
-	std::string result{ static_cast<std::string>(in_expression) };
+constexpr std::u8string query_constexpr(std::u8string_view in_expression) {
+	std::u8string result{ static_cast<std::u8string>(in_expression) };
 	jessilib::deserialize_http_query(result);
 	return result;
 }
-ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr("test"s) == "test"s);
-ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr("first+second"s) == "first second"s);
-ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr("first%20second"s) == "first second"s);
+ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr(u8"test"s) == u8"test"s);
+ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr(u8"first+second"s) == u8"first second"s);
+ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return query_constexpr(u8"first%20second"s) == u8"first second"s);
 #endif // __cpp_lib_constexpr_string
 
-using char_types = ::testing::Types<char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t>;
-using utf8_char_types = ::testing::Types<char, char8_t>;
+using char_types = ::testing::Types</*char,*/ char8_t, char16_t, char32_t>;
+using utf8_char_types = ::testing::Types</*char,*/ char8_t>;
 
 template<typename T>
 class QuerySequenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -162,77 +162,77 @@ TYPED_TEST(QuerySequenceTest, invalids_2len_trailing) {
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, empty) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text;
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text;
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
 	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.empty());
 	EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_result.empty());
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, one_key) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "key";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"key";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_EQ(query_text, "key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(query_text, u8"key");
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 1);
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, query_text);
 	EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_result[0].second.empty());
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, one_key_and_value) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "key=value";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"key=value";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with("keyvalue"));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with(u8"keyvalue"));
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 1);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, "key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, "value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, u8"key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, u8"value");
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, one_key_and_value_trailing) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "key=value&";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"key=value&";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with("keyvalue"));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with(u8"keyvalue"));
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 2);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, "key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, "value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, u8"key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, u8"value");
 	EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_result[1].first.empty());
 	EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_result[1].second.empty());
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, two_key_one_value) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "key=value&second_key";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"key=value&second_key";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with("keyvaluesecond_key"));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with(u8"keyvaluesecond_key"));
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 2);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, "key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, "value");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, "second_key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, u8"key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, u8"value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, u8"second_key");
 	EXPECT_TRUE(parsed_result[1].second.empty());
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, two_key_two_value) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "key=value&second_key=second=value";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"key=value&second_key=second=value";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with("keyvaluesecond_keysecond=value"));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with(u8"keyvaluesecond_keysecond=value"));
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 2);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, "key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, "value");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, "second_key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].second, "second=value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, u8"key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, u8"value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, u8"second_key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].second, u8"second=value");
 }
 
 TEST(HtmlFormParser, some_sequences) {
-	std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> parsed_result;
-	std::string query_text = "k+y=va+u%20&%73econd%5Fke%79=second_valu%65";
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::u8string_view, std::u8string_view>> parsed_result;
+	std::u8string query_text = u8"k+y=va+u%20&%73econd%5Fke%79=second_valu%65";
 	EXPECT_TRUE(jessilib::deserialize_html_form(parsed_result, query_text));
-	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with("k yva u second_keysecond_value"));
+	EXPECT_TRUE(query_text.starts_with(u8"k yva u second_keysecond_value"));
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result.size(), 2);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, "k y");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, "va u ");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, "second_key");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].second, "second_value");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].first, u8"k y");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[0].second, u8"va u ");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].first, u8"second_key");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_result[1].second, u8"second_value");
 }

src/test/parser.cpp

@@ -30,14 +30,63 @@ using namespace std::literals;
 class test_parser : public parser {
 public:
 	/** deserialize/serialize overrides */
-	virtual object deserialize(std::string_view in_data) override {
-		return deserialize_impl(in_data);
+	object deserialize_bytes(bytes_view_type in_data, encoding in_write_encoding) override {
+		std::u8string u8_string;
+
+		switch (in_write_encoding) {
+			case encoding::utf_8:
+				u8_string = string_view_cast<char8_t>(in_data);
+				break;
+			case encoding::utf_16:
+				u8_string = jessilib::string_cast<char8_t>(string_view_cast<char16_t>(in_data));
+				break;
+			case encoding::utf_32:
+				u8_string = jessilib::string_cast<char8_t>(string_view_cast<char32_t>(in_data));
+				break;
+			case encoding::wchar:
+				u8_string = jessilib::string_cast<char8_t>(string_view_cast<wchar_t>(in_data));
+				break;
+			case encoding::multibyte:
+				u8_string = mbstring_to_ustring<char8_t>(string_view_cast<char>(in_data)).second;
+				break;
+		}
+
+		return deserialize_impl(std::u8string_view{ u8_string });
 	}
 
-	virtual std::string serialize(const object& in_object) override {
+	std::string serialize_bytes(const object& in_object, encoding in_write_encoding) override {
+		std::u8string u8_serialized = serialize_impl(in_object);
+
+		switch (in_write_encoding) {
+			case encoding::utf_8:
+				return { u8_serialized.begin(), u8_serialized.end() };
+			case encoding::utf_16: {
+				auto casted = string_cast<char16_t>(u8_serialized);
+				return { reinterpret_cast<const char*>(casted.data()), casted.size() * sizeof(char16_t) };
+			}
+			case encoding::utf_32: {
+				auto casted = string_cast<char32_t>(u8_serialized);
+				return { reinterpret_cast<const char*>(casted.data()), casted.size() * sizeof(char32_t) };
+			}
+			case encoding::wchar: {
+				auto casted = string_cast<wchar_t>(u8_serialized);
+				return { reinterpret_cast<const char*>(casted.data()), casted.size() * sizeof(wchar_t) };
+			}
+			case encoding::multibyte:
+				return ustring_to_mbstring(u8_serialized).second;
+		}
+
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	virtual std::u8string serialize_u8(const object& in_object) override {
 		return serialize_impl(in_object);
 	}
 
+	std::u16string serialize_u16(const object& in_object) override { return string_cast<char16_t>(serialize_u8(in_object)); }
+	std::u32string serialize_u32(const object& in_object) override { return string_cast<char32_t>(serialize_u8(in_object)); }
+	std::wstring serialize_w(const object& in_object) override { return string_cast<wchar_t>(serialize_u8(in_object)); }
+
 	/** helpers */
 	static void reset() {
 		serialize_impl = &serialize_default;
@@ -45,26 +94,26 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	/** default serialize/deserialize implementations */
-	static std::string serialize_default(const object& in_object) {
+	static std::u8string serialize_default(const object& in_object) {
 		if (in_object.has<std::u8string>()) {
-			return string_cast<char>(in_object.get<std::u8string>());
+			return in_object.get<std::u8string>();
 		}
 
-		return static_cast<std::string>(DEFAULT_SERIALIZE_RESULT);
+		return static_cast<std::u8string>(DEFAULT_SERIALIZE_RESULT);
 	}
 
-	static object deserialize_default(std::string_view in_data) {
-		return object{ string_view_cast<char8_t>(in_data) };
+	static object deserialize_default(std::u8string_view in_data) {
+		return object{ in_data };
 	}
 
 	/** static members */
-	static constexpr std::string_view DEFAULT_SERIALIZE_RESULT = "serialize_result"sv;
-	static std::function<std::string(const object&)> serialize_impl;
-	static std::function<object(std::string_view)> deserialize_impl;
+	static constexpr std::u8string_view DEFAULT_SERIALIZE_RESULT = u8"serialize_result"sv;
+	static std::function<std::u8string(const object&)> serialize_impl;
+	static std::function<object(std::u8string_view)> deserialize_impl;
 };
 
-std::function<std::string(const object&)> test_parser::serialize_impl{ &serialize_default };
-std::function<object(std::string_view)> test_parser::deserialize_impl{ &deserialize_default };
+std::function<std::u8string(const object&)> test_parser::serialize_impl{ &serialize_default };
+std::function<object(std::u8string_view)> test_parser::deserialize_impl{ &deserialize_default };
 
 parser_registration<test_parser> test_parser_registration{ "test" };
 
@@ -84,30 +133,30 @@ class ParserTest : public base_test {
 
 TEST_F(ParserTest, find_parser) {
 	EXPECT_NO_THROW(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test"));
-	EXPECT_NO_THROW(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "test"));
+	EXPECT_NO_THROW(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "test"));
 
 	EXPECT_THROW(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "invalid_format_test"), format_not_available);
-	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "invalid_format_test"), format_not_available);
+	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "invalid_format_test"), format_not_available);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserTest, temp_parser) {
 	EXPECT_THROW(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
-	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
+	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
 
 	{
 		parser_registration<test_parser> test_tmp_registration{ "test_tmp" };
 		EXPECT_NO_THROW(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test_tmp"));
-		EXPECT_NO_THROW(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "test_tmp"));
+		EXPECT_NO_THROW(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "test_tmp"));
 	}
 
 	EXPECT_THROW(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
-	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
+	EXPECT_THROW(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "test_tmp"), format_not_available);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserTest, serialize) {
-	EXPECT_EQ(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test"), "test_data");
+	EXPECT_EQ(serialize_object(u8"test_data", "test"), u8"test_data");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParserTest, deserialize) {
-	EXPECT_EQ(deserialize_object("test_data"sv, "test").get<std::u8string>(), u8"test_data");
+	EXPECT_EQ(deserialize_object(u8"test_data"sv, "test").get<std::u8string>(), u8"test_data");
 }

src/test/parsers/json.cpp

@@ -25,26 +25,26 @@ using namespace std::literals;
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_null) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize({}), "null");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>({}), u8"null");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_boolean) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(true), "true");
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(false), "false");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(true), u8"true");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(false), u8"false");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_integer) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(1234), "1234");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(1234), u8"1234");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_decimal) {
 	json_parser parser;
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(std::atof(parser.serialize(12.34).c_str()), 12.34);
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(std::atof(parser.serialize(1234.0).c_str()), 1234.0);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(std::atof(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(parser.serialize<char8_t>(12.34).c_str())), 12.34);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(std::atof(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(parser.serialize<char8_t>(1234.0).c_str())), 1234.0);
 }
 
 // necessary due to some sort of bug with EXPECT_EQ on MSVC
@@ -56,10 +56,15 @@ void expect_eq(LeftT in_left, RightT in_right) {
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_string) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(u8"text"), R"json("text")json");
-	expect_eq(parser.serialize(u8"\"text\""), R"json("\"text\"")json");
-	expect_eq(parser.serialize(u8"\"te\x01xt\""), R"json("\"te\u0001xt\"")json");
-	expect_eq(parser.serialize(u8"\"te\x10xt\""), R"json("\"te\u0010xt\"")json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(u8"text"), u8R"json("text")json");
+	expect_eq(parser.serialize<char8_t>(u8"\"text\""), u8R"json("\"text\"")json");
+	expect_eq(parser.serialize<char8_t>(u8"\"te\x01xt\""), u8R"json("\"te\u0001xt\"")json");
+	expect_eq(parser.serialize<char8_t>(u8"\"te\x10xt\""), u8R"json("\"te\u0010xt\"")json");
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(u8"text"), u8R"json("text")json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char16_t>(u8"text"), uR"json("text")json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char32_t>(u8"text"), UR"json("text")json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<wchar_t>(u8"text"), LR"json("text")json");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_array) {
@@ -71,8 +76,8 @@ TEST(JsonParser, serialize_array) {
 		object{}
 	};
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(array),
-		R"json([true,1234,"text",null])json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(array),
+		u8R"json([true,1234,"text",null])json");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, serialize_map) {
@@ -84,44 +89,44 @@ TEST(JsonParser, serialize_map) {
 	obj[u8"some_string"] = u8"text";
 	obj[u8"some_null"];
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize(obj),
-		R"json({"some_bool":true,"some_int":1234,"some_null":null,"some_string":"text"})json");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.serialize<char8_t>(obj),
+		u8R"json({"some_bool":true,"some_int":1234,"some_null":null,"some_string":"text"})json");
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_null) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize("null"sv), object{});
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"null"sv), object{});
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_boolean) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize("true"sv), true);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize("false"sv), false);
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"true"sv), true);
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"false"sv), false);
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_integer) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize("1234"sv), 1234);
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize("-1234"sv), -1234);
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"1234"sv), 1234);
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"-1234"sv), -1234);
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_decimal) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize("12.34"sv).get<double>(), 12.34);
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize("1234."sv).get<double>(), 1234.0);
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize("0.1234"sv).get<double>(), 0.1234);
-	EXPECT_THROW(parser.deserialize(".1234"sv), std::invalid_argument);
-	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize("-12.34"sv).get<double>(), -12.34);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"12.34"sv).get<double>(), 12.34);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"1234."sv).get<double>(), 1234.0);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"0.1234"sv).get<double>(), 0.1234);
+	EXPECT_THROW(parser.deserialize(u8".1234"sv), std::invalid_argument);
+	EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8"-12.34"sv).get<double>(), -12.34);
 }
 
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_string) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(R"json("text")json"sv), u8"text");
+	EXPECT_EQ(parser.deserialize(u8R"json("text")json"sv), u8"text");
 
 	object obj;
 	std::u8string_view u8text = u8R"json("text")json"sv;
@@ -143,14 +148,14 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_string) {
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_array) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	constexpr const char* json_data = R"json([
+	constexpr std::u8string_view json_data = u8R"json([
 		true,
 		false,
 		1234,
 		12.34,
 		0.1234,
 		"text"
-	])json";
+	])json"sv;
 
 	auto array = parser.deserialize(json_data).get<std::vector<object>>();
 	ASSERT_EQ(array.size(), 6U);
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_array) {
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_array_nested) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	constexpr const char* json_data = R"json([
+	constexpr std::u8string_view json_data = u8R"json([
 		true,
 		false,
 		1234
@@ -178,7 +183,7 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_array_nested) {
 		12.34,
 		0.1234,
 		"text"
-	])json";
+	])json"sv;
 
 	auto array = parser.deserialize(json_data).get<std::vector<object>>();
 	ASSERT_EQ(array.size(), 9U);
@@ -211,14 +216,14 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_array_nested) {
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_map) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	constexpr const char* json_data = R"json({
+	constexpr std::u8string_view json_data = u8R"json({
 		"some_true":true,
 		"some_false"	:  false,
 		"some_int": 1234,
 		"some_double" : 12.34,
 		"some_other_double" :0.1234,
 		"some_text" : "text"
-	})json";
+	})json"sv;
 
 	object obj = parser.deserialize(json_data);
 	EXPECT_EQ(obj.size(), 6U);
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_map) {
 TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_map_nested) {
 	json_parser parser;
 
-	constexpr const char* json_data = R"json({
+	constexpr std::u8string_view json_data = u8R"json({
 		"some_text" : "text",
 		"some_object" : {
 			"some_null_object": {}
@@ -246,7 +251,7 @@ TEST(JsonParser, deserialize_map_nested) {
 				"makes toot": true
 			}},
 		"some other text":" asdf "
-	})json";
+	})json"sv;
 
 	object obj = parser.deserialize(json_data);
 	EXPECT_EQ(obj.size(), 4U);

src/test/unicode.cpp

@@ -128,12 +128,18 @@ TEST(UTF32Test, decode_codepoint) {
 	DECODE_CODEPOINT_TEST(U"\U0001F604"sv, U'\U0001F604', 1U);
 }
 
-using char_types = ::testing::Types<char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t>;
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 using char_type_combos = ::testing::Types<
 	std::pair<char, char>, std::pair<char, char8_t>, std::pair<char, char16_t>, std::pair<char, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char8_t, char>, std::pair<char8_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char16_t, char>, std::pair<char16_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char32_t, char>, std::pair<char32_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char32_t>>;
+#else // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
+using char_type_combos = ::testing::Types<
+	std::pair<char8_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char32_t>,
+	std::pair<char16_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char32_t>,
+	std::pair<char32_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char32_t>>;
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 template<typename T>
 class UnicodeFullTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -157,9 +163,9 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeFullTest, string_cast) {
 }
 
 TEST(UTF8Test, string_view_cast) {
-	auto abcd_str = jessilib::string_cast<char8_t>(U"ABCD");
-	auto view = string_view_cast<char>(abcd_str);
-	EXPECT_TRUE(equals(view, abcd_str));
+	std::string_view abcd_str = "ABCD";
+	auto view = string_view_cast<char8_t>(abcd_str);
+	EXPECT_TRUE(equals(view, u8"ABCD"sv));
 }
 
 /** equals */

src/test/unicode_sequence.cpp

@@ -34,13 +34,20 @@ ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return cpp_constexpr("test"s) == "test"s);
 ASSERT_COMPILES_CONSTEXPR(return cpp_constexpr("\\r\\n"s) == "\r\n"s);
 #endif // __cpp_lib_constexpr_string
 
+#ifdef JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 using char_types = ::testing::Types<char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t>;
-using utf8_char_types = ::testing::Types<char, char8_t>;
 using char_type_combos = ::testing::Types<
 	std::pair<char, char>, std::pair<char, char8_t>, std::pair<char, char16_t>, std::pair<char, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char8_t, char>, std::pair<char8_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char16_t, char>, std::pair<char16_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char32_t>,
 	std::pair<char32_t, char>, std::pair<char32_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char32_t>>;
+#else // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
+using char_types = ::testing::Types<char8_t, char16_t, char32_t>;
+using char_type_combos = ::testing::Types<
+	std::pair<char8_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char8_t, char32_t>,
+	std::pair<char16_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char16_t, char32_t>,
+	std::pair<char32_t, char8_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char16_t>, std::pair<char32_t, char32_t>>;
+#endif // JESSILIB_CHAR_AS_UTF8
 
 template<typename T>
 class UnicodeSequenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -51,8 +58,8 @@ TYPED_TEST_SUITE(UnicodeSequenceTest, char_types);
 constexpr char32_t MAX_LOOP_CODEPOINT = 0x100FF; // use 0x10FFFF for full testing
 
 #define TEST_CPP_SEQUENCE(expr) \
-	{ auto parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(#expr); \
-    auto normal_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(expr); \
+	{ auto parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(reinterpret_cast<const char8_t*>(#expr)); \
+    auto normal_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(reinterpret_cast<const char8_t*>(expr)); \
 	parsed_string = parsed_string.substr(1, parsed_string.size() - 2); \
 	jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string); \
 	EXPECT_EQ(parsed_string, normal_string); }
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_hex) {
 		for (unsigned int codepoint = 0; codepoint <= 0xFF; ++codepoint) {
 			std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string;
 			for (size_t min_length = 0; min_length <= 2; ++min_length) {
-				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>("\\x");
+				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(u8"\\x");
 				parsed_string += make_hex_string<TypeParam>(codepoint, min_length);
 				jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string);
 				EXPECT_EQ(parsed_string.front(), static_cast<TypeParam>(codepoint));
@@ -145,7 +152,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_hex) {
 			std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string;
 			for (size_t min_length = 0; min_length <= 4; ++min_length) {
 				// "\x0" -> "\xffff"
-				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>("\\x");
+				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(u8"\\x");
 				parsed_string += make_hex_string<TypeParam>(codepoint, min_length);
 				jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string);
 				EXPECT_EQ(parsed_string.front(), static_cast<TypeParam>(codepoint));
@@ -161,7 +168,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_hex) {
 			std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string;
 			for (size_t min_length = 0; min_length <= 8; ++min_length) {
 				// "\x0" -> "\x0010ffff"
-				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>("\\x");
+				parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(u8"\\x");
 				parsed_string += make_hex_string<TypeParam>(codepoint, min_length);
 				jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string);
 				EXPECT_EQ(parsed_string.front(), static_cast<TypeParam>(codepoint));
@@ -175,7 +182,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_hex) {
 TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_u16) {
 	// "u0000" -> "uffff" with & without leading zeroes
 	for (unsigned int codepoint = 0; codepoint <= 0xFFFF; ++codepoint) {
-		std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>("\\u");
+		std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(u8"\\u");
 		parsed_string += make_hex_string<TypeParam>(codepoint, 4);
 		jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string);
 
@@ -188,7 +195,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_u16) {
 TYPED_TEST(UnicodeSequenceTest, cpp_u32) {
 	// "U00000000" -> "U000100FF" with & without leading zeroes
 	for (unsigned int codepoint = 0; codepoint <= MAX_LOOP_CODEPOINT; ++codepoint) {
-		std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>("\\U");
+		std::basic_string<TypeParam> parsed_string = jessilib::string_cast<TypeParam>(u8"\\U");
 		parsed_string += make_hex_string<TypeParam>(codepoint, 8);
 		jessilib::apply_cpp_escape_sequences(parsed_string);